Windows 7 won't boot after running Acronis True Image Echo boot disc

I've come across a peculiar issue with a machine I've been working with. Here's what happened:

Set up Windows 7, configured, got everything the way I needed.
Created an image.
Moved the machine to a different workspace, and forgot to remove the Acronis Boot CD.
When I started the machine I wasn't seeing anything on the display, so I powered it down.
Changed the display cable, and tried to reboot the machine.
Display worked, but then the Windows 7 operating system failed to load. It flashed the 07b error screen (BSOD) and rebooted. Then, Windows comes up, says it failed to load properly, gives options for Starting Normally or running Startup Repair. I always try to start normally again first. That did not work. Rebooted and chose Startup Repair. This did not work either. If I choose to view the details, it says it can't find anything wrong.

I ran Startup Repair a few times, as I've read that sometimes it can take more than once. Still nothing. Still the same 07B error.

I've pulled the hard disk and it is accessible through an external USB drive enclosure. Everything looks okay with the file system, so I think the partitions are fine. There are two; one for Windows stuff, and the second holds the operating system. I set up all Windows 7 machines this way.

I know that 07B errors are typically related to incorrect drivers, and will sometimes pop up after restoring to different hardware. I haven't changed anything though. The machine was working properly before what I later learned was probably an aborted startup with Acronis Loader.

Any ideas?