DeDup proper configuration?

From this description I didn't understand what is you network/machine configuration and what you are trying to achieve. (e.g. ' I have 5 workstations such and such with 20 gb data and 1 gb weekly changes and want to store their backups on with deduplication). Anyway, to backup some windows machine you need Agent Core and Agent for Windows installed, and to use deduplication you need a machine with Storage Node installed, that will keep backups, on which (Storage Node) you will create the Managed Vault, that will be located either locally on that machine or on a network storage. On some other or the same machine you need to install Management Server and (again, on the same or any another machine) the Management Console.

It's a stand alone workstation. There are no other devices to backup. It's all local storage that's being backed up which is why it shouldn't be using any networking.

Using deduplication for backing up one and the only agent is .. not that it's not recommended, but there's not much sense in it. Unless you have the same data repeated in several locations on this machine. Storage node operating a deduplicated vault consumes a lot of RAM and amount consumed is proportional to amount of deduplicated data. It's roughly equal in case of 1 workstation backup of 20 GB and 20 workstations of 20 GB each.

As for components -
-Agent - Yes, it will backup up data and transfer it to the Storage Node.
-Management Server - Yes, to control Storage Node.
-Storage Node (assuming so) - Yes, it's necessary in order to have deduplication.

As for network activity - agent always sends data to the Storage Node via network, apparently via loopback if it's installed on the same machine.