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PC fails to boot with cloned disk in Dual Boot PC

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Yes, I now know dual-boot is not supported. 

PC is UEFI with 2 drives, both GPT. Two Windows 10s, one on each drive.

Disk 0 has the EFI partition. Disk 1 is to be replaced.

I created linux-based rescue media. I UEFI-booted the rescue media, it said "Starting x64 UEFI loader". I cloned Disk 1, default options, with no errors. I replaced the original Disk 1 with the clone, and the PC fails to boot.

PC says, "Recovery. PC needs to be repaired. A required device isn't connected. Error code 0xc000000e. You'll need to use recovery tools." PC doesn't get to the OS select screen.

So, is there a way to fix this? I am hesitant to use Windows Recovery because I am afraid I'll lose the ability to boot the second OS. I can edit the BIOS or edit the BCD, but I don't know what GUID to put where. 
 

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Welcome to these public User Forums.

This is a case where I would not recommend using cloning to achieve the end result you are looking for!

Boot from the Disk 0 version of Windows and make a full disk backup of Disk 1 using ATI 2020 within Windows 10 and store the backup image on an external USB drive.

Shutdown the PC, remove Disk 1 and replace it with the new disk.

Boot again from Disk 0 Windows 10 and perform a disk recovery of the Disk 1 backup from the external drive to the new Disk 1 drive.

Note: I would recommend having separate backups of both Disk 0 & 1 prior to doing the above - that is your safety net in case of further issues.

Caveat: I have not needed to do the above actions as it has been some years since I last used dual-boot (other than testing Windows & Ubuntu), as I decided that using VMware virtual machines then, and more recently using Hyper-V virtual machines now, is easier to manage and use.  I have been testing Windows 11 in a Hyper-V virtual machine with UEFI Secure Boot and TPM enabled running from my Windows 10 laptop with two internal drives.